A lignin-based capsule system with tunable properties tailored for robust self-healing concrete

Self-healing is an ideal mechanism for concrete to achieve self-repair of microcracks . While extensive efforts have been invested in capsule-based autonomous self-healing, the dilemma between capsules’ survivability during mixing and their rapture upon cracking release healing agents remains unsolved. This study aims address this challenge by investigating a lignin-based capsule system with tunable properties concrete. Ellipsoidal capsules varying dimensions, aspect ratios shell thicknesses manufactured via 3D printing are investigated terms survivability, degradation kinetics , mechanical compatibility, self-healing capacity, property recovery microstructure analyses. The results indicate exceptional intact survival 100% 95%, respectively. By leveraging alkaline mineralization lignin, triggered 88.5% strength 57.3% strain decreases after 3 h pore solution 57.6% degree 28 days, which ensure robust agents. No negative impact on first was observed embedding over predicted crack path, 120-h width density reduced 64.3% 84%, After 14 78.7% 94.5% bulk resistance recovered. • A biomass-based investigated. High facile triggered. Rapid self-driven repairing cracks accomplished. Permeability flexural recovered post-cracking Mineralization interlaced interface cement aged capsules.